¢ßÆijªÁøÀº °í°´ÀÇ ¿ä±¸¿¡ ¸Â´Â ´Ù¾çÇÏ°í ¿ì¼öÇÑ Ç°ÁúÀÇ PNA¸¦ °íÀ¯ÇÑ ÇÕ¼º±â¼úÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© °ø±ÞÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
»ý»êµÇ´Â PNA´Â ISO9001/2000¿¡ µû¶ó ¾ö°ÝÇÏ°Ô Ç°Áú °ü¸®µÇ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, HPLC ¹× MALDI-TOF ºÐ¼® °á°ú¸¦ Á¦°ø ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
¿øÇÏ´Â ¿°±â¼­¿­, ¸µÄ¿, ¶óº§, º¯Çü µî ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀ¸·Î Custom PNA ±¸Á¶¸¦ È®¸³ÇϼÌÀ¸¸é, ¹Ù·Î ¿Â¶óÀÎ °ßÀû ¹× ÁÖ¹®ÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
Custom PNA¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±â¼úÀû ÀÇ°ßÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇϽŠ°æ¿ì¿¡µµ ¿Â¶óÀÎ °ßÀû ¹× ÁÖ¹®À» È°¿ëÇϽøé
ÆijªÁøÀÇ ¿À·£ °æÇèÀ» ¹ÙÅÁÀ¸·Î µµ¿òÀ» µå¸®°Ú½À´Ï´Ù.

¢ßÆijªÁøÀ¸·Î º°µµÀÇ ¿¬¶ôÀ» ÀüÈ­, À̸ÞÀÏ, Æѽº µîÀ¸·Î Áֽô °æ¿ì¿¡µµ ¼º½É¼ºÀǸ¦ ´ÙÇØ Áö¿øÇص帳´Ï´Ù.
°í°´ÀÇ PNA¿¡ °üÇÑ Á¦¹Ý ¿äû»çÇ׿¡ ºü¸¥ ½Ã°£ ³»¿¡ ´äº¯ µå¸®°Ú½À´Ï´Ù.
N-¸»´Ü¿¡ ¾Æ¹Î±â¸¦ °®´Â PNA·Î¼­ °í°´´ÔÀÌ ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°Ô ¼ö½ÄÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
N-¸»´ÜÀÇ ¾Æ¹ÎÀÌ ¾Æ¼¼Æ¿±â·Î º¸È£µÇ¾î ÀÖ¾î ¾Æ¹Î±â°¡ ´õ ÀÌ»ó ¹ÝÀÀ¼ºÀ» °®Áö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù.
PNAÀÇ ¹°¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ëÇصµ¸¦ Áõ°¡½ÃÅ°°Å³ª self-aggregationÀ» °¨¼Ò½ÃÅ°±â À§ÇÏ¿©, PNAÀÇ ¸»´Ü¿¡ Lysine, O-linker ¶Ç´Â ¿ëÇصµ¸¦
Áõ°¡½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ºÐÀÚ¸¦ ÷°¡ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ PNA array¿Í °°ÀÌ °íÁ¤»ó¿¡ °íÁ¤È­ Çϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© N-¸»´Ü¿¡ carboxylic acid ³ª thiol°ú
°°Àº Àû´çÇÑ ÀÛ¿ë±â¸¦ µµÀÔÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÆijªÁøÀº ´Ù¾çÇÑ PNA ÇÕ¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °æÇè°ú ³ëÇϿ츦 °¡Áö°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ¹®ÀÇ »çÇ×ÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸½Ã¸é
¿¬¶ô Áֽñ⠹ٶø´Ï´Ù.
PNAÀÇ N-¸»´Ü¿¡ Á÷Á¢ labeling ÇÏ´Â °Íµµ °¡´ÉÇÏÁö¸¸ hybridization½Ã Ç¥ÁöºÐÀÚÀÇ ¿µÇâÀ» ÇÇÇϱâ À§ÇØ O-linker¿Í °°Àº Àû´çÇÑ spacer¸¦
»ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ½À´Ï´Ù.
PNAÀÇ C-¸»´Ü¿¡ labeling Çϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â C-¸»´Ü¿¡ Lysine ¶Ç´Â Cysteine À» Ãß°¡·Î µµÀÔÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÏ¸ç µµÀÔµÈ ¾Æ¹Ì³ë»êÀÇ °ç»ç½½ÀÇ
ÀÛ¿ë±â (¾Æ¹Î/Ƽ¿Ã)¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© labelingÀ» ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
dual labeled PNA(molecular beacon) ȤÀº multi-labeled PNAµµ Á¦°ø °¡´ÉÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
Label  ¥ëabs(nm) ¥ëem(nm) Label  ¥ëabs(nm) ¥ëem(nm)
FAM, FITC 492 518 BHQ-1 480-580 -
TAMRA 553 576 BHQ-2 560-670 -
TexasRed 592 614 Dabcyl 454 -
Thiazol Orange 510 530 Digoxin - -
Cy3 550 570 Biotin - -
Cy5 650 670      
JOE 520 548      
ATTO425 436 484      
ATTO550 554 576      
ÀÌ¿Ü¿¡µµ ¿©·¯ Á¾·ùÀÇ fluorescence labelingÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¸®½ºÆ®¿¡ ³ª¿ÍÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀº label¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­´Â ¹®ÀÇÇØÁֽñ⠹ٶø´Ï´Ù.
No Linker Structure
1 O   
2 E    
3 X  
PNAÀÇ ¼¼Æ÷ Åõ°ú¼ºÀ̳ª ¿ëÇصµ¿Í °°Àº ¹°¼ºÀ» °³¼±Çϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ÆéŸÀ̵å¿Í °áÇÕµÈ Á¢ÇÕü¸¦ ¸¸µé¾î »ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌ¹Ì PNA¿Í
´Ù¾çÇÑ CPP (Cell Penetrating Peptides)ÀÇ Á¢ÇÕü°¡ ¿©·¯ ÀÀ¿ëºÐ¾ß¿¡ »ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
PNA-Peptide Á¢ÇÕü´Â º¸Åë °íü»ó ÇÕ¼ºÀ» ÅëÇÏ¿© C-¸»´Ü¿¡¼­ N-¸»´ÜÀ¸·Î ÇÕ¼ºµÇ¸ç Ưº°ÇÑ °æ¿ì¿¡ PNA¿Í Peptide¸¦ disulfide¶Ç´Â
SMCC/thiol°ú °°Àº linker¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ÇÕ¼ºÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
ÆijªÁøÀº ¾Ë·ÁÁø peptideÀÇ PNA Á¢ÇÕü»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó °í°´ÀÇ ¿ä±¸¿¡ µû¶ó ´Ù¾çÇÑ PNA-Peptide Á¢ÇÕü¸¦ Á¦°øÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
ÆijªÁøÀº ´Ù¾çÇÑ PNA ÇÕ¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °æÇè°ú ³ëÇϿ츦 °¡Áö°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ¹®ÀÇ »çÇ×ÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸½Ã¸é ¿¬¶ô Áֽñ⠹ٶø´Ï´Ù.
 
¥ãPNA´Â N-aminoethylglycine ´ÜÀ§ÀÇ ¥ã-ź¼Ò ¿øÀÚ¿¡ stereogenic ¼¾Å͸¦ º¸À¯ÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±âÁ¸ÀÇ PNAs¿¡ ºñÇØ ¥ã-´ëü PNAs´Â °³¼± ¿ëÇصµ, ³·Àº ÀÚ±â Áý°è, PNA-DNAÀÇ duplexesÀÇ Áõ°¡ ¾ÈÁ¤¼º ¹× ¸ÖƼ ¶óº§ ¹× ±âŸ ÀÛ¿ë¿¡ ´ëÇÑ À¯¿¬¼º°ú °°Àº ¿©·¯ ÀåÁ¡ÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ¥ãPNA´Â Áø´Ü ¹× Ä¡·áÇÐ ¸ðµÎÀÇ ÀÀ¿ë ÇÁ·Î±×·¥¿¡ Å« ÀáÀç·ÂÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. PanageneÀº ¿¬±¸ °³¹ß ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î ¥ãPNAs¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â oligomersÀ» Á¦°øÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
  Opportunities for extra functionalization at the ¥ã position
  Labeling flexibility (dual/multi labeling to backbone)
  Extra handle for improved cell penetration
  Extra handle for improved water solubility
  Less self-aggregation due to the pre-organized ¥á-helical structure
  Application for FISH probe due to less self-aggregation
  Higher binding affinity to the complementary DNA or RNA than conventional PNAs
  Glutamic acid, Alanine, Lysine, mini-PEG ÇÕ¼ºÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ¿ÜÀÇ Á¦Ç°¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­´Â ¹®ÀÇÇØ Áֽñ⠹ٶø´Ï´Ù.
Criteria ¥ãPNA PNA
Backbone modification possible  impossible
Labeling flexibility on backbone O X
Water solubility Extra handle for improved water solubility No extra handle
Hybridization affinity with DNA At least 2 ¡É higher Tm per modified base -
Tm for each single mismatch Lowering 18¡É Lowering 15¡É
Chemical stability Stable Stable
Thermal stability Good Good
  PNA´Â Parallel orientation°ú Anti-parallel orientationÁß ¾î´À ¹æÇâÀ¸·ÎµçÁö Duplex¸¦ Çü¼ºÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸, ÁÖ·Î Anti-parallel
   orientationÀ¸·Î Çü¼ºµÇ±â ¶§¹®¿¡, ¸ðµç Antisense¿Í DNA probe typeÀÇ Àû¿ëÀ» °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
  PNA/DNA-duplex´Â µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ¼­¿­ÀÇDNA/DNA-duplexº¸´Ù ³ôÀº Tm °ªÀ» °®½À´Ï´Ù. ¼­¿­¿¡ µû¶ó Â÷ÀÌ°¡ ÀÖÁö¸¸, ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î100 mM
   NaCl ¿ë¾×¿¡¼­ ¿°±â ´ç ¾à 1 °C ÀÇ Tm °ªÀÌ Áõ°¡ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.(¿¹½Ã)
Sequence Tm value (°C)
DNA/DNA DNA/PNA
TAA CGG TAT TTG GAG(15-mer) 56 71
  PNAÀÇ ³ôÀº ģȭ·Â ¶§¹®¿¡ PNA¸¦ ±æ°Ô µðÀÚÀÎÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾ø±â ¶§¹®¿¡ 15-mer ~ 18-mer ÀÇ PNA oligomers°¡ »ç¿ëµË´Ï´Ù.
  PNA/PNA interactionÀº PNA/DNA interactionº¸´Ù ÈξÀ °­Çϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ Inverse repeats,Hairpin Çü¼º ¼­¿­,Palindromic sequence¿Í
   °°Àº self-complementary sequence´Â ÇÇÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¹Ù¶÷Á÷ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

   ¿¹½Ã) GAT CCGG TAC  ¶Ç´Â GCG GCT CGC ( X ) ¡¦ C, G·Î¸¸ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø complement sequence

           CTA TTA ATG CA ¶Ç´Â ACTG T CAGT ( X ) ¡¦ 6 base ÀÌ»óÀÇ complement sequence

  Purine¿°±â°¡ ¸¹Àº PNA´Â ½º½º·Î ÀÀÁýÇÏ´Â °æÇâÀ» º¸À̸ç ÀÌ·Î ÀÎÇØ ¼ö¿ë¼º ¿ë¾×¿¡¼­ÀÇ ¿ëÇصµ°¡ °¨¼ÒµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
   ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î  purine contents´Â 80%±îÁö·Î Á¦ÇѵǸç 60%¸¦ ³ÑÁö ¾Êµµ·Ï µðÀÚÀÎÇÏ±æ ±ÇÀåÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Purine ¿°±â°¡ 5°³ ÀÌ»ó ¿¬¼ÓµÇÁö
   ¾Êµµ·Ï µðÀÚÀÎÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÀϹÝÀûÀÌÁö¸¸ Àüü ¿°±â¼­¿­¿¡ µû¶ó 5°³ ÀÌ»óÀÇ ¿¬¼ÓµÈ purine ¼­¿­µµ °¡´ÉÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

   ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ¾Æ·¡ÀÇ °æ¿ì, ÇÕ¼ºÀÌ Á¦ÇÑµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

    ATT AGG GGC ATC TAC ¡¦ G°¡ 4°³ ÀÌ»ó ¿¬¼ÓµÇ´Â °æ¿ì

    CTA GAT AGA AGG TTC ¡¦ purine base°¡ 6°³ ÀÌ»ó ¿¬¼ÓµÇ´Â °æ¿ì

    µðÀÚÀÎ ÇϽŠPNA¿¡¼­ purineÀÌ 5°³ ÀÌ»ó ¿¬¼ÓµÉ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ÀúÈñ¿¡°Ô ¹®ÀÇÇØÁÖ¼¼¿ä.

  PNAÀÇ ¿ëÇصµ¸¦ Áõ°¡½ÃÅ°±â À§ÇØ O linker (eg linker), E linker, X linker, LysineµîÀÇ solubility enhancer¸¦ PNA ¿°±â¼­¿­¿¡
   Ãß°¡ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
  PNAÀÇ N-¸»´Ü¿¡ labeling ÇÒ °æ¿ì, Hybridization½Ã Ç¥ÁöºÐÀÚÀÇ ¿µÇâÀ» ÇÇÇϱâ À§ÇØ O linker¿Í °°Àº spacer¸¦ PNA¿Í Çü±¤Ç¥Áö
   »çÀÌ¿¡ ³Ö´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ½À´Ï´Ù.

   ¿¹½Ã) Cy3-TAA CGG TAT TTG GAG   <<  Cy3-OO-TAA CGG TAT TTG GAG

  PNAÀÇ C-¸»´Ü¿¡ labelingÇØ¾ß ÇÒ °æ¿ì, C-¸»´Ü¿¡ Lysine ¶Ç´Â CysteineÀ» »ðÀÔÇÑ ÈÄ labeling ÇؾßÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

   ¿¹½Ã) TAA CGG TAT TTG GAG-Cy3 ( X )

           TAA CGG TAT TTG GAG-Lys(Cy3) ( O )